By Azuta Jacinta Ogechi
Introduction
Things Fall Apart is a classic African novel written by Chinua Achebe and first published in 1958 by Heinemann under the African Writers Series. The novel is widely regarded as one of the greatest works of African literature and has been translated into more than fifty languages worldwide. Achebe, often referred to as the “father of modern African literature,” wrote this novel to present an authentic African perspective that countered the negative portrayal of Africa in colonial literature.
This book review examines the themes, characters, strengths, weaknesses, relevance, and overall impact of the novel while also giving insight into the author’s background and contribution to literature.
About the Author
Chinua Achebe (1930–2013) was born in Ogidi, Anambra State, Nigeria. He studied at the University College, Ibadan, and later worked with the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation. Achebe’s literary works focus mainly on African identity, colonialism, cultural conflict, and post-colonial challenges. Some of his other notable works include No Longer at Ease, Arrow of God, and A Man of the People.
Achebe’s writing style is simple yet profound. He skillfully blends English language with Igbo proverbs, idioms, and cultural expressions, making his stories authentic and deeply rooted in African tradition.
Summary of the Book
Things Fall Apart is set in the late 19th century in Umuofia, an Igbo village in present day Nigeria. The story centers on Okonkwo, a respected and powerful man known for his strength, bravery, and hard work. He rises to prominence through wrestling victories and farming success, especially in yam cultivation.
Okonkwo’s life is largely driven by his fear of becoming like his father, Unoka, who was considered weak, lazy, and irresponsible. This fear pushes him to be overly strict and sometimes cruel to his family and community members.
The novel is divided into three parts
The Rise of Okonkwo,
This section highlights Igbo culture, traditions, religion, marriage customs, and judicial systems. Achebe portrays a well structured society with values and organized leadership.
Exile and Cultural Conflict.
After accidentally killing a clansman, Okonkwo is exiled for seven years to his mother’s village. During his absence, British missionaries and colonial administrators arrive, introducing Christianity and Western governance.
The Fall of Okonkwo.
Upon returning from exile, Okonkwo finds that Umuofia has changed. Many villagers have converted to Christianity, and colonial rule has weakened traditional authority. Frustrated and unable to adapt, Okonkwo takes drastic action, leading to his tragic end.
Major Themes
Culture and Tradition.
Achebe provides a detailed depiction of Igbo customs, festivals, marriage rites, and religious beliefs. The novel corrects the misconception that Africa had no civilization before colonialism.
Colonialism
The arrival of Europeans disrupts the unity and structure of Umuofia. Achebe shows how colonial rule divides families and communities.
Masculinity and Pride
Okonkwo’s definition of masculinity is tied to strength and aggression. His excessive pride and fear of weakness contribute to his downfall.
Fate and Free Will
Although fate plays a role in Okonkwo’s life, many of his problems arise from his personal choices.
Strengths of the Book
Cultural Representation:
One of the strongest aspects of the novel is its accurate representation of Igbo culture. Achebe uses proverbs such as “Proverbs are the palm-oil with which words are eaten” to enrich the narrative. This gives the story authenticity and educational value.
Simple but Powerful Language
The language is clear and accessible. Achebe avoids overly complex vocabulary, making it easy for students and general readers to understand.
Balanced Perspective
Achebe does not present Igbo society as perfect. He acknowledges flaws such as rigid gender roles and harsh punishments. This balanced portrayal strengthens the credibility of the story.
Strong Characterization
Okonkwo is a well developed tragic hero. His strengths and weaknesses are clearly portrayed, making him a realistic and relatable character.
The Weaknesses of the Book
The Slow Pace at the Beginning
Some readers may find the first few chapters slow because of the detailed explanations of cultural practices.
Limited Female Voice
Although women play significant roles in the community, their perspectives are not deeply explored. Female characters such as Ekwefi and Ezinma could have been developed further.
Tragic Ending
The novel ends on a tragic note, which may leave some readers feeling dissatisfied or emotionally heavy.
Relevance to Society
Things Fall Apart remains highly relevant today. It helps readers understand the impact of colonialism on African societies
The importance of cultural identity
The dangers of extreme pride and rigidity
The consequences of failing to adapt to change
For students of Mass Communication and Literature, the novel demonstrates how storytelling can preserve culture and challenge stereotypes.
Personal Evaluation
Personally, I find Things Fall Apart to be an educational and eye-opening novel. It teaches resilience, cultural pride, and critical thinking. The book encourages readers to reflect on leadership, tradition, and societal change.
Azuta writes from Legacy University, Okija, Anambra State.